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ACCOUNTABILITY REVIEW Conglomerates · Capex Cycle Inflection · 26 May 2026

John Keells Holdings JKH.N0000

A 12-month accountability review. Last year management promised CODSL would ramp, WCT-1 would break even, and the NEV business would be "material." This is the audit of what the public filings actually show — segment by segment, promise by promise, with the cash flow math intact.

FY26 Reporting Period 1 Apr 2025 – 31 Mar 2026
Sign-off Date 26 May 2026
Auditor Ernst & Young
Chairperson–CEO Krishan Balendra
Compliance note. This is an independent review of publicly disclosed information. No buy/sell recommendation, price target, or forecast is offered. All findings are framed against what the John Keells Holdings PLC Integrated Annual Reports for FY2024/25 and FY2025/26 disclose. Readers should consult licensed financial advisors.

The "Ready, Set, Go" year delivered on most operational commitments — but the cash math is more nuanced than the EBITDA headline suggests.

✓ Executive verdict
Most operational promises were kept. Some were beaten. Cash quality lags reported earnings.

JKH grew reported EBITDA by 75% to Rs.80.01Bn — exactly the inflection story management told investors a year ago. The two flagship projects, City of Dreams Sri Lanka (CODSL) and West Container Terminal (WCT-1), each crossed the threshold management had set: CODSL flipped to positive recurring EBITDA of Rs.933Mn for the full year, and CWIT (the WCT-1 operating entity) delivered positive PAT in year one, ahead of the plan that called only for cash-positive operations. Net debt/EBITDA improved from 2.5× to 1.7×, and Group capex collapsed by 64% to Rs.20.7Bn — the capex cycle is genuinely done. But: the Leisure segment as a whole, including CODSL, still produced a recurring PBT loss of Rs.10.3Bn, the casino is still only paying fixed rental income (variable rental tied to gaming volume has not been triggered), and a meaningful share of the EBITDA upside came from a one-time pent-up demand release in the NEV business that is unlikely to repeat at the same intensity in FY2026/27 given the new 3-month vehicle import surcharge effective 15 May 2026.

FY26 in numbers

The four headline metrics that management is using to anchor the year's narrative. All figures from the FY2025/26 Annual Report Chairperson's Message and the company's stated Performance Indicators table.

Reported EBITDA
Rs.80.01 Bn
+75% YoY
vs Rs.45.85Bn FY25
Recurring PBT
Rs.35.72 Bn
+143% YoY
vs Rs.14.72Bn FY25
Attributable PAT
Rs.13.64 Bn
+156% YoY
recurring: Rs.13.24Bn
Group ROCE
9.0%
+390 bps
17% excl. CODSL
Revenue (excl. assoc.)
Rs.528.85 Bn
+67% YoY
JKCG/NEV drove most of it
Group Capex
Rs.20.69 Bn
−64% YoY
vs Rs.57.55Bn FY25 — capex cycle ending
Net Debt / EBITDA
1.7×
−0.8× improvement
vs 2.5× FY25 (company basis)
Dividend (per share)
Rs.0.30
+100% YoY
vs Rs.0.15 FY25

What management said last year. What the filings show this year.

Each row below cross-references a specific commitment from the FY2024/25 Chairperson's Message (the "Ready, Set, Go" report) against what the FY2025/26 Annual Report actually disclosed. Source page references are included for verification.

Commitment / Forward statement
Promise — AR FY24/25 (May 2025)
Delivery — AR FY25/26 (May 2026)
Outcome
CODSL ramp-up
Leisure / CODSL section
"Impacts will be more than off-set by the increase in revenue and resultant profitability once Cinnamon Life hotel and the rest of CODSL ramp up over the next few quarters." Nuwa hotel and casino planned to open August 2025.
Nuwa & casino opened on schedule (Aug 2025). CODSL recorded positive recurring EBITDA of Rs.933Mn for FY26 vs Rs.(4,743)Mn loss prior year. Positive EBITDA achieved in Q3 and Q4. But: CODSL recurring PBT remains Rs.(13.66)Bn loss vs Rs.(8.21)Bn — depreciation and interest scale-up.
Partial · operational yes, PBT no
WCT-1 cash-positive year 1
Transportation
"Has the potential to achieve a cash-positive position within the first year of operations… run-rate of volumes in the fourth quarter, if market dynamics remain, will enable earnings to be at breakeven."
CWIT (project company) recorded positive PAT, ahead of expectations, despite phase-1 depreciation. Handled over 1 million TEUs in year 1. Phase-1 capacity (1.6m TEU) fully utilised on a March 2026 annualised run-rate (~135,000 TEU in March alone).
Beat plan
Casino contribution to Group
Leisure / Property
Casino "will be a significant catalyst in driving occupancies." Melco's USD 125M investment frames a Singapore-style ramp. No specific casino revenue commitment made.
Casino opened Aug 2025. JKH recognises only fixed rental income. The variable rental component (the upside) has not yet been triggered — operations have not reached the activity threshold. "Encouraging pick-up witnessed from Q4 onwards" but no rupee figure disclosed. Nuwa occupancy rose with casino activity, supporting the catalyst thesis directionally.
Catalyst forming, monetisation not yet
NEV (BYD) "material" contribution
Retail
"Based on the current order book and expectations of deliveries in the ensuing quarter, the earnings are expected to be material in the context of the Group's performance."
JKCG delivered Rs.18.30Bn EBITDA in year 1 on 10,081 vehicles handed over, becoming a single-handedly larger contributor than Consumer Foods, Property, and Financial Services. Promise comprehensively delivered. But: government imposed 3-month surcharge on motor vehicle duty effective 15 May 2026 to manage import demand and currency pressure — this is the headline risk to FY27 repeat.
Beat plan
Property — apartment sales acceleration
Property
"Sales momentum will continue, if not accelerate, this year, given the completion of the integrated resort and the impending opening of the gaming space."
Cinnamon Life residential sales: 49 units sold in FY26, taking cumulative to 343 (from 294 at FY25 end). That is roughly the same absolute pace as the year before, not the acceleration promised. VIMAN (Ja-Ela) is doing better — 243 cumulative SPAs across all 4 phases launched. Office tower at WPL now at full occupancy (5 floors leased during year).
Steady, not the acceleration
Capex cycle peak passed
Group / Capital Allocation
"Bold investments coming to fruition." Group to "unlock the full potential of what we have built." Implied transition out of capex-heavy mode.
Group capex collapsed from Rs.57.55Bn → Rs.20.69Bn (−64%). Chairperson explicitly: "the most capital-intensive phase of our recent investment cycle now draws to a close." This is the cleanest delivery in the report.
Promise kept
Deleveraging trajectory
Capital Allocation
Implied through Rights Issue, debenture conversion, and project completion narrative — that net debt/EBITDA would improve as projects came on line.
Net debt/EBITDA (company basis, excl. leases) improved from 2.5× → 1.7×. Net debt to equity at ~31%. But: this is an EBITDA-driven improvement, not a debt-reduction one — Group debt (excl. leases) actually increased Rs.210.4Bn → Rs.238.1Bn, with JKCG inventory financing and short-term trade lines being the explanation.
Ratio improved via the denominator
Female workforce participation
DE&I / ONE JKH
Originally targeted 40% female workforce by end-FY25/26. Already revised in AR FY24/25 to end-FY29/30 — admitting they would miss.
AR FY25/26 makes no mention of the 40% target or progress against the revised timeline. Discussion shifted entirely to "passionate colleagues" and "progressive policies" framing.
Quietly de-emphasised
WPL refinancing
Capital Allocation
USD 189M loan originally due Dec 2026. Implied management would address refinancing well in advance.
Refinanced in March 2026 at "materially lower" rate. Structure: USD 150M long-term (5-year tenure, 6-month grace, back-ended capital repayments) + USD 39M six-month bridging. ~60% of LT facility back-loaded to March 2031 final payment. Genuinely a structural improvement.
Promise kept

The growth is broad-based — but JKCG is the disproportionate driver

Of the Rs.32.36Bn YoY increase in recurring EBITDA, the NEV business (JKCG) alone contributed Rs.18.48Bn — that is 57% of the entire Group's EBITDA growth from a business that did not exist a year ago. This single fact is what every investor should grapple with first when reading the FY26 numbers.

FY26 Recurring EBITDA Bridge by Industry Group (Rs.Bn)

Source: AR FY2025/26, Investor Relations §, p.23-24. Values in Rs.Bn.

3-Year Recurring EBITDA by Segment

Rs.Bn · FY23/24 – FY24/25 – FY25/26

Capex Cycle: Group Capex Rs.Bn

The single cleanest "promise kept" in the report

Segment-by-segment: what really moved

Retail (incl. JKCG)

EBITDA +190% NEV one-time risk
Rs.31.74Bn EBITDA · FY26

JKCG (BYD) delivered Rs.18.30Bn EBITDA on 10,081 vehicles. Supermarkets grew 24% to Rs.12.09Bn EBITDA on 14% same-store sales growth driven by 14.3% footfall growth — this is the durable structural story. The NEV portion is partly pent-up demand from the 5-year vehicle import ban, and faces a 3-month surcharge from 15 May 2026, a customs-classification dispute on certain BYD EV models (now released against bank guarantees), and Rupee pressure that the import surcharge is specifically designed to address. Treat the Rs.18.30Bn as substantially non-recurring at that magnitude.

Leisure (incl. CODSL)

EBITDA +176% PBT still Rs.(10.3)Bn
Rs.12.49Bn EBITDA · FY26

The headline "176% growth" includes the swing of CODSL from Rs.(4.74)Bn EBITDA loss to Rs.0.93Bn EBITDA — a Rs.5.67Bn swing. Below the EBITDA line, CODSL absorbed Rs.10.96Bn of depreciation + interest in FY26 (vs Rs.4.29Bn the prior half-year). Result: CODSL recurring PBT loss widened from Rs.(8.21)Bn to Rs.(13.66)Bn. Excluding CODSL, Leisure EBITDA grew 25% — that is the legitimate underlying growth from improved Sri Lankan and Maldivian resort occupancies. Middle East conflict impact on March 2026 arrivals is the new visible risk.

Transportation

EBITDA +32% Tax overhang
Rs.9.67Bn EBITDA · FY26

Genuine operational delivery. LMS volume +29% — record highs. CWIT (WCT-1) was the standout: positive PAT in year 1, full phase-1 utilisation on a March-2026 run-rate, ahead of plan. Watch: the Supreme Court LMS tax judgment (March 2026, 2:1 majority dismissed LMS appeals) added Rs.1.26Bn provision in FY26 alone, with further periods still under appeal. The bunkering Q4 surge was partly Middle East disruption-driven and may not repeat.

Consumer Foods

EBITDA +13% Confectionery margin
Rs.7.57Bn EBITDA · FY26

Beverages +18% volume; Confectionery +8% (versus +22% prior year). Confectionery margins compressed under cocoa and dairy raw-material inflation and new extruder line introduction costs. Capacity investment continues — Group has flagged ongoing capex in this category. Steady, but not the breakout the previous year was.

Property

EBITDA +106% FV gains material
Rs.2.96Bn EBITDA · FY26

The 106% growth is real but quality merits flagging: Rs.1.26Bn of the Rs.2.96Bn EBITDA is fair-value gains on investment property (WPL office tower), versus Rs.795Mn FV gains the year before. Stripping out FV gains: Rs.1.70Bn vs Rs.0.65Bn — still ~160% real growth, but on a small base. Cinnamon Life office floors now fully leased; Vauxhall DSTRCT 749-unit luxury project launched March 2026.

Financial Services

NTB · HSBC deal UA · GWP growing
Rs.11.37Bn EBITDA · FY26

EBITDA growth of just 4% reflects the Fairfirst Insurance divestment offsetting NTB's growth. The HSBC Sri Lanka Retail Banking acquisition completed 1 May 2026 for Rs.18Bn — over 200,000 customer accounts, the branch network, fixed deposits and the credit/debit portfolio transferred broadly in line with plan. This is the segment's forward catalyst, not what is in the FY26 numbers.

Reported EBITDA grew 75%. Free cash flow tells a different story.

This is the most important section of any conglomerate review. Headline EBITDA is an accounting construct heavily influenced by IFRS treatment of equity-accounted investees, share of associate profits, and fair value movements. What matters for solvency, dividend capacity, and deleveraging is operating cash flow after capex.

Per S&P Global Market Intelligence data (Trailing Twelve Months ending Dec 2025), JKH's operating cash flow was Rs.40.29Bn against capital expenditures of Rs.35.26Bn — leaving free cash flow of approximately Rs.5.03Bn. The full FY26 cash flow statement (in the AR Financial Statements section, p.466) will reveal the final number but the trajectory is established: a year-and-a-half ago the company posted Rs.41.5Bn in operating cash flow against Rs.42.2Bn in capex, producing negative free cash flow of Rs.(0.7)Bn for FY25.

5-Year Operating Cash Flow vs Capex (Rs.Bn)

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence standard template. FY26 TTM = trailing twelve months ending Dec 2025.
⚠ Cash quality observation
Operating cash flow is growing — but JKCG's working capital build is consuming it

The single largest swing factor in working capital over the last twelve months has been inventory: TTM inventory increased by ~Rs.15.6Bn, partially offset by Rs.22.5Bn increase in payables. This is consistent with the JKCG inventory build (vehicle stocks against pent-up demand release) that management itself attributes the Group debt increase to. The Group's working capital position moved from positive Rs.34.7Bn at FY25-end to negative Rs.(39.3)Bn at Dec 2025 — a Rs.74Bn swing — driven by inventory financing maturities being reclassified to short-term debt. This is not a crisis (it is inventory-backed trade financing), but it is the reason management's "Group debt has not materially increased excluding JKCG" framing is technically true but practically misleading.

Net debt to EBITDA improved. Absolute debt did not.

Indicator FY2025/26 FY2024/25 Variance Read
EPS (fully diluted, Rs.) 0.77 0.32 +141% Recovery of EPS to pre-CODSL drag levels
ROCE (%) 9.0% 5.1% +390 bps 17% excl. CODSL — underlying portfolio quality
Group debt (excl. leases, Rs.Bn) 238.1 210.4 +13.2% Debt actually up Rs.27.7Bn — JKCG inventory finance
Net debt (excl. leases, Rs.Bn) 137.2 116.2 +18.1% Net debt also up — improvement is denominator-led
Net debt / EBITDA (×) 1.7× 2.5× −0.8× Real improvement, but driven by EBITDA expansion
Net debt / Equity (%) ~31% ~28% +~3 pp Slightly higher gearing despite better cash flow profile
FX debt (% of total) ~44% ~55% −11 pp WPL refinancing reduced USD-exposure share
USD cash at Holding Co (USD M) ~180 n/d Provides natural hedge against USD 136M IFC term loan
◆ Debt maturity profile observation

Back-loaded WPL refinancing creates near-term repayment relief

Per the AR FY25/26 maturity analysis (p.25), the new WPL refinancing structure includes a USD 39M bridging facility due within 6 months (FY27), but the USD 150M long-term facility has ~60% (~USD 90M) due for final settlement in March 2031. The IFC USD 136M loan amortises evenly until June 2030. The maturity stack is now meaningfully smoothed — this is a real structural improvement to the credit profile, separate from the cash flow trajectory.

Did the integrated resort start making money?

Yes — at the EBITDA level. No — at the PBT level. And the casino, the supposed catalyst, has only triggered fixed rental income so far. Here is the four-quarter view of how the ramp actually played out:

CODSL Quarterly Recurring EBITDA Trajectory (Rs.Bn)

Source: AR FY2025/26 p.23 (Q4) and Industry Group Review §. The Q3/Q4 inflection is the key data point.

Casino monetisation: the structural detail investors miss

Under the operating agreement with Melco (the casino operator), JKH receives revenue in two layers: a fixed rental component recognised regardless of casino activity, and a variable rental component that activates only once gaming operations cross a defined activity threshold. In FY26 only the fixed portion was recognised. The Chairperson's Message states this explicitly: "the variable rental component will come into effect once operations reach a certain level of activity, in line with the anticipated ramp-up." The Group has chosen not to disclose the casino threshold publicly. This is therefore the single largest disclosed-but-unquantified upside in the entire portfolio.

"Since its commencement in August 2025, casino operations have been steadily ramping up with an encouraging pick-up witnessed from the fourth quarter onwards… As footfall to the casino continues to gather momentum, it will serve as a key catalyst in driving higher hotel occupancy." — AR FY25/26 Chairperson's Message, p.16

CODSL P&L attribution (FY26)

Line item FY25/26 (Rs.Bn) FY24/25 (Rs.Bn) Note
CODSL recurring EBITDA +0.93 −4.74 The headline "turnaround"
Depreciation & interest at CODSL −10.96 −4.29 FY25 was a partial half-year (Oct'24+)
FX impact on USD WPL loan −3.86 +0.86 Rupee depreciation flipped sign
CODSL recurring PBT −13.66 −8.21 PBT loss widened by Rs.5.45Bn
CODSL recurring attributable PAT −14.10 −8.15 The drag on consolidated EPS
⚠ The honest CODSL summary
EBITDA flipped positive, but the bottom-line bleed worsened

Investors should not conflate "positive EBITDA" with "making money." The PBT loss at CODSL widened by Rs.5.45Bn YoY because depreciation on the full integrated resort (Cinnamon Life + Nuwa + casino + mall infrastructure) is now being charged for a full 12 months versus 5.5 months in the prior year, and a Rupee depreciation crystallised Rs.3.86Bn of FX loss on the USD-denominated WPL loan. The refinancing at a "materially lower" rate concluded in March 2026 should provide finance-cost relief from FY27 onwards. The casino variable rental, when triggered, is the structural lever that could move CODSL from "operationally positive, financially loss-making" to genuinely profitable. Until that threshold is crossed, CODSL is still consuming Group earnings.

Are margins genuinely growing, or is mix doing the work?

Group-level margins are noisy because the FY26 revenue base ballooned 67% due to JKCG (a high-revenue, lower-margin vehicle retail business) being consolidated as a subsidiary. The fairer view is segmental EBITDA margins on segment revenue:

Segment Revenue FY26 (Rs.Bn) EBITDA FY26 (Rs.Bn) EBITDA % FY26 EBITDA % FY25 Trend
Transportation 85.01 9.67 11.4% 10.0% ▲ Expansion
Consumer Foods 44.44 7.57 17.0% 17.3% ▼ Slight contraction
Retail (combined) 313.92 31.74 10.1% 7.9% ▲ NEV mix-up
— Supermarkets + JKOA ~140 13.44 ~9.6% ~9.1% ▲ Marginal
Leisure 67.51 12.49 18.5% 9.0% ▲ Material recovery
Property 12.88 2.96 23.0% 14.1% ▲ But FV-gain inflated
Financial Services 44.16 11.37 25.7% 28.6% ▼ Mix shift / Fairfirst sale
◆ Key observation on margins

The genuinely improving margins are in Transportation and underlying Leisure

Strip out CODSL, NEV (one-time pent-up demand), and Property FV gains, and the segments with genuine margin expansion are Transportation (LMS bunkering margin recovery and CWIT scale) and the Leisure ex-CODSL portfolio (occupancy and rate gains from Maldivian and Sri Lankan resorts). Supermarkets margins are essentially flat — durable but unexciting. Consumer Foods margins slipped on confectionery cocoa cost inflation. Financial Services margin compression is consistent with the loss of Fairfirst's insurance contribution, plus declining net interest margins industry-wide.

What management flagged that investors must monitor

▲ Risk · High
NEV vehicle import surcharge (15 May 2026)

Government imposed a 3-month temporary surcharge on duty on all motor vehicles to manage import demand and currency pressure from the Middle East conflict. The surcharge does not apply to bookings received before 15 May 2026 — meaning JKCG can clear existing order book but new orders will face higher cost. The Rs.18.3Bn JKCG EBITDA contribution is the most exposed line in the entire portfolio.

▲ Risk · High
Middle East conflict — tourism impact

Tourist arrivals declined year-on-year in April 2026 due to flight re-routing, cancellations, increased travel costs (European arrivals especially, given the Middle East transit hub model). March 2026 was already softening — the peak winter season tail end. Cinnamon Life ramp, Maldivian resorts, and CWIT bunkering volumes all have second-order exposure to a prolonged regional conflict.

▲ Risk · Medium
Casino variable rental threshold opaque

The activity threshold above which JKH's variable rental from the Melco-operated casino activates has not been publicly disclosed. Until management quantifies this, investors cannot model the asymmetric upside they keep being told to expect. This is a disclosure gap, not a flag against the business.

▲ Risk · Medium
LMS tax case — further periods under appeal

The March 2026 Supreme Court ruling against LMS was a 2:1 majority and led to a Rs.1.26Bn additional provision. Further assessment periods remain under appeal. While management has provisioned for prudence, the recurring nature of this tax dispute warrants monitoring through the next annual cycle.

▲ Risk · Medium
Rupee depreciation re-emergence

The Rupee depreciated to ~Rs.340 by mid-May 2026 from ~Rs.309 in February 2026 — roughly 10% in three months. With USD-denominated debt at WPL (USD 150M post-refinancing) and the IFC term loan (USD 136M), every 10% depreciation generates meaningful translation losses through the P&L despite the Holding Company's USD 180M natural hedge.

▲ Risk · Medium
HSBC Sri Lanka integration execution

NTB's Rs.18Bn acquisition of HSBC Sri Lanka's retail franchise completed 1 May 2026. Integration of 200,000+ customer accounts, branch network, credit/debit portfolio is a meaningful operational lift. Management has stated the transfer was "broadly in line with the business plan" but the customer-attrition and integration-cost trajectory will only become visible in FY27 disclosures.

Grading the year against last year's commitments

→ Twelve-month performance grade

JKH management substantially delivered on the operational thesis — with two unambiguous beats and meaningful caveats on cash quality.

The defining feature of the FY2024/25 report ("Ready, Set, Go") was a series of operational commitments — CODSL would ramp, WCT-1 would break even, NEV would be material, capex would peak, and the balance sheet would deleverage. Five out of seven of those commitments were either delivered or beaten. The two that fell short — the casino's path to variable rental, and the residential sales acceleration at Cinnamon Life — were each commitments that depended on conditions outside management's direct control (gaming volume threshold and post-completion buyer behaviour).

The legitimate criticisms relate to cash quality (free cash flow is only modestly positive despite the EBITDA surge), gross debt direction (actually up Rs.27.7Bn, not down), and the dependence of the headline EBITDA growth on a JKCG result that benefited from a one-time pent-up demand release after a five-year vehicle import ban. None of these are governance flags — they are normal business-cycle characteristics that the Chairperson's Message itself acknowledges. The disclosure quality remains best-in-class for the Colombo Stock Exchange.

Operational delivery
A−
Capital allocation
B+
Cash quality
C+
Disclosure
A